Abstract: Recalcitrant seeds are remarkably short-lived and therefore are difficult to be successfully stored with respect to the ex situ conservation. Litchi seed embryonic axes were desiccated before cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (direct immersion). Microscopic investigations were undertaken on Litchi embryonic axes in response to the desiccation and freezing sensitivity. Evidences shows that cryopreservation has a disruptive effect at the cellular level in Litchi.